Understanding Shingles
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection that occurs when the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox (varicella), reactivates in the body. After recovering from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nervous system and can resurface years later as shingles¹.
Symptoms of Shingles
Shingles typically causes a painful rash that forms blisters in a stripe along one side of the body, following a nerve path. This rash can appear on the torso, arms, thighs, or head, including sensitive areas like the eyes or ears³. The pain associated with shingles is often described as burning, stabbing, or shock-like⁴. The pain can also interfere with daily activities or even sleeping⁵.
How Painful is Shingles?
Increased Risk of Shingles with Other Diseases
Diabetes
Diabetes affects blood sugar levels and weakens the immune system, increasing the risk of infections⁹,¹⁰. People with diabetes are more likely to develop shingles compared to those without the condition¹¹.
Cancer
People with cancer are almost twice as likely to get shingles⁶, especially those with blood-related cancers⁷. Some cancer treatments, like chemotherapy, radiation, and high-dose steroids, can also weaken the immune system, making it easier for the virus to reactivate⁸.
Asthma/COPD
Research shows that people with asthma and COPD have a higher chance of getting shingles, compared to healthy individuals¹².
Complications of Shingles
While most people recover fully from shingles, some may experience complications.
Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN)
PHN can affect up to 25% of people with herpes zoster, causing long-lasting nerve pain that can persist for months or even years¹³.
Eye Complications (Ophthalmic Disease)
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) can occur in 50% of people with shingles and affects the eye or nose. About 30% may develop double vision, while rare cases causing serious optic nerve damage¹⁴.
Neurological Issues
In some rare cases, shingles can lead to neurological problems like encephalitis (brain swelling), which occurs in about 1% of cases¹⁵.
Hearing and Balance Problems
In rare cases, shingles can affect the ear, causing herpes zoster oticus. This may lead to hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, facial pain, and even facial paralysis (Ramsay Hunt Syndrome). Balance issues can occur in up to 1% of cases¹⁶.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Shingles disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. It remains dormant in the body and can reactivate years later ¹, usually due to aging ² or a weakened immune system ¹⁷, ¹⁸, leading to a painful, blistering rash ¹.
As people age, their immune system weakens, making it harder to keep the varicella-zoster virus inactive. This raises the risk of shingles in those aged 50 or older ², ¹⁷. Additionally, they are more likely to have complications like PHN ³.
You cannot catch shingles disease from someone who has it. However, if a person has never had chickenpox or the vaccination, the varicella-zoster virus can spread to them, causing chickenpox ¹⁹.
Shingles usually causes a painful rash that appears on one side of the body or face. It begins as red patches, then forms fluid-filled blisters that scab over within 7-10 days. The rash typically clears up within 2 to 4 weeks ²⁰.
Yes, chronic stress can increase your risk of shingles ²¹. Long-term stress weakens the immune system ²², making it harder to keep the varicella-zoster virus inactive, which can lead to reactivation ²¹. Consult your doctor for more information.
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